Direct speech is the exact words someone says or said, so we use quotation marks.
When we report what someone says or said we don't use quotation marks.
We use an introductory verb (e.g. say) and the word 'that,' which can be taken out. Also, personal and possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning of the sentence.
If we are reporting something a long time after it was said, we should take care of the tense and time expressions change.
